Medieval philosophy
Medieval philosophy is the set of works and philosophical currents developed during the Middle Ages in a slightly larger geographic area than that of the Hellenistic and Roman world of Antiquity, and in which Judaism, Christianity and Islam were developed. These include (and among others) scholastic philosophy, Byzantine philosophy and Islamic philosophy.
The period of the Middle Ages was established according to criteria of the western historiographical tradition. Medieval philosophy is thus the subject of various and often contradictory theses depending on whether the Middle Ages are considered to be a dark age of thought, or whether the very idea of the Middle Ages is held to be an imposture fueled by legends. Having as main subject the works of Latin Christian authors having lived during the millennium which separates Antiquity from the Renaissance, the study of medieval philosophy relates at the same time to the relations of the thought of the Christians of the Middle Ages with that of Jews and Muslims, in particular those of Avicenna and Averroes which were read and translated by the Latins in the Middle Ages, or even that of Maimonides, a 13th century Jewish author who wrote in Arabic a work offering considerations on all the thoughts of his time.
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